| Amphetamines
|
| (includes some phenylethylamine [PEA] derivatives) Use: antidepressant; stimulant; antihyperactivity
|
| Generic Drug Name |
Trade Name (Drug Company and Year Introduced) |
| amphetamine sulfate |
Benzedrine Sulfate (Smith, Kline & French marketed 1935) |
| bupropion, a PEA derivative |
Wellbutrin (Burroughs-Wellcome introduced 1986) |
| dextroamphetamine |
Dexedrine Sulfate (Smith, Kline & French marketed 1944) |
| methamphetamine |
Desoxyn (Abbott Laboratories marketed 1943) |
| methylphenidate (amphetamine-related in structure) |
Ritalin (Ciba launched in 1954 in Switzerland, in 1956 in United States) |
| pipradrol |
Meratran (Merrell marketed 1955); considered a stimulant |
| Antihistamines
|
| Use: antipanic; antidepressant. (See also phenothiazines)
|
| chlorpheniramine |
Chlor-Trimeton (Schering Labs marketed 1949) |
| diphenhydramine |
Benadryl (Parke Davis marketed 1946) |
| Barbiturates
|
| Use: sedative; hypnotic; anticonvulsant
|
| allobarbital |
Dial (Ciba patented and marketed 1912) |
| amobarbital |
Sodium Amytal (Lilly patented and marketed 1924) |
| barbital (also diemal malonal barbitone) |
Veronal (Merck and Bayer marketed in 1903 in Germany; also brought out as Medinal by Schering, 1903) |
| butabarbital |
Butisol Sodium (Lilly patented, and McNeil Laboratories marketed in 1932) |
| phenobarbital |
Luminal (Bayer marketed in 1911 in Germany) |
| secobarbital sodium |
Seconal (Lilly synthesized in 1934; marketed in 1936) |
| talbutal |
Lotusate (synthesized in 1925; Winthrop marketed in 1955) |
| Benzodiazepines
|
| Use: anxiolytic; hypnotic; anticonvulsant; muscle relaxant
|
| alprazolam |
Xanax (Upjohn launched 1981; later, also antipanic) |
| chlordiazepoxide |
Librium (Hoffmann-La Roche introduced 1960) |
| clonazepam |
Rivotril (Hoffmann-La Roche marketed in 1973 in France; and as Clonopin [Klonopin] in 1975 in United States) |
| clorazepate |
Tranxene (Abbott marketed in 1968 in France, in 1972 in United States) |
| diazepam |
Valium (Hoffmann-La Roche marketed in Italy in 1962, in United States in 1963) |
| flurazepam |
Dalmane (Hoffmann-La Roche launched 1970) |
| lorazepam |
Ativan (Wyeth marketed in 1977 in United States; brought out previously as Temesta in Europe in 1972; used also for catatonia) |
| oxazepam |
Serax (Wyeth marketed 1965) |
| prazepam |
Verstran (Warner-Lambert marketed 1977) |
| triazolam |
Halcion (Upjohn launched in 1979 in United Kingdom, in 1982 in United States) |
| Bicyclic and Tetracyclic Antidepressants
|
| Use: antidepressant
|
| maprotiline |
Ludiomil (Ciba introduced in 1973 in Germany, in United States in 1981) |
| nomifensine |
Alival (Hoechst introduced in 1976 in Germany; also brought out at as Merital in 1985 in United States); withdrawn 1986 |
| trazodone |
Trittico (Angelini developed and marketed in 1972 in Italy; brought out by Mead Johnson as Desyrel in 1982 in United States; later used as hypnotic) |
| Carbamates
|
| Use: antineurotic; sedative; anxiolytic
|
| emylcamate |
Striatran (synthesized 1912 and marketed by Merck in 1960) |
| ethinamate |
Valmid, later Valamin (Lilly marketed 1955) |
| hydroxyphenamate |
Listica (Armour launched 1961) |
| meprobamate |
Miltown (Carter Products, later called Carter-Wallace, marketed in 1955, and licensed to Wyeth as Equanil) |
| methylparfynol (methylpentynol; meparfynol) |
Dormison (Schering launched in 1951; a cogener brought out as N-Oblivon in 1955) |
| Diphenylmethane
|
| Use: antineurotic; antidepressant; anxiolytic
|
| azacyclonal |
Frenquel (Merrell introduced 1955; also used as antipsychotic) |
| benactyzine |
Suavitil (Merck marketed 1957; also used as antiphobic) |
| hydroxyzine |
Atarax (Union Chimique Beige synthesized in 1956; Pfizer marketed in 1956 in the United States) |
| Lithium Salts
|
| Use: antimanic; antidepressant
|
| lithium carbonate |
Lithium (efficacy reestablished 1949; marketed in United States by Rowell; Smith, Kline & French; and Pfizer, 1970) |
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
|
| Use: antidepressant
|
| iproniazid |
Marsilid (Hoffmann-La Roche marketed in 1951 for tuberculosis; in 1957 for depression) |
| isocarboxazid |
Marplan (Hoffmann-La Roche marketed 1959) |
| nialamide |
Niamid (Pfizer launched 1959) |
| phenelzine |
Nardil (Warner-Chilcott marketed 1959) |
| pheniprazine |
Catron (Lakeside introduced 1959) |
| tranylcypromine |
Parnate (Smith, Kline & French introduced in 1960 in United Kingdom, in 1961 in United States) |
| Phenothiazines
|
| Use: antipsychotic; anxiolytic
|
| chlorpromazine |
Largactil (Rhone-Poulenc synthesized in 1950 and introduced in 1953 worldwide; also brought out as Thorazine by Smith, Kline & French in 1954 in United States [entered clinical trials in 1952]) |
| levomepromazine (later methotrimeprazine) |
Nozinan (Rhone-Poulenc synthesized in 1958, marketed in France in 1963; also brought out as Levoprome by Lederle in 1966 in United States as sedative/analgesic, later antimelancholic) |
| mepazine |
Pacatal (Promonta synthesized in 1952 in Germany; Warner-Chilcott marketed in 1957 in United States) |
| prochlorperazine |
Compazine (Rhone-Poulenc developed; Smith, Kline & French marketed in United States, 1956) |
| promazine |
Sparine (Rhone-Poulenc patented in 1950; Wyeth Laboratories introduced in 1956) |
| promethazine |
Phenergan (Rhone-Poulenc synthesized in 1944; marketed in 1951 in United States) |
| thioridazine |
Mellaril (Sandoz synthesized in 1958; introduced in 1959 in United States) |
| Propanediol
|
| Use: tranquilizer; muscle relaxant; antineurotic
|
| mephenesin |
Tolserol (synthesized in 1908; Squibb marketed 1954) |
| Reserpine
|
| Use: antipsychotic
|
| reserpine, derived from Rauwolfia serpentina |
Serpasil (Ciba introduced for hypertension inl953; Riker Labs brought out a mixture of alkaloids from the plant as “Raudwidrine” for “mood elevation,” 1954) |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
|
| Use: antidepressant; anxiolytic
|
| citalopram |
Cipramil (Lundbeck patented in 1977, launched in 1989 in Denmark; also brought out as Celexa by Forest Laboratories in 1998 in United States) |
| fluoxetine |
Prozac (Lilly patented in 1975, marketed in Belgium in 1986, in United States in 1988) |
| fluvoxamine |
Floxyfral (Philips-Duphar, subsidiary of Solvay, patented in 1975; launched in Switzerland in 1983; brought out as Faverin in United Kingdom in 1987; and as Luvox in United States 1995 for obsessive-compulsive disorder) |
| indalpine |
Upstene (Fournier Freres-Pharmuka patented in 1977; launched in 1983 in France; withdrawn in 1985) |
| paroxetine |
Paxil (Ferrosan developed in 1974; SmithKline Beecham introduced in 1993 in United States; also brought out as Seroxat in United Kingdom) |
| sertraline |
Zoloft (Pfizer patented in 1981; introduced in 1992) |
| zimelidine (zimeldine) |
Zelmid (Astra-Hassle synthesized in 1969; launched in 1981 in Europe; withdrawn in 1983) |
| Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
|
| Use: antidepressant (continued)
|
| amitriptyline |
Elavil (Merck marketed 1961) |
| amoxapine |
Asendin (Lederle launched 1980, antidepressant with neuroleptic properties) |
| clomipramine |
Anafranil (Geigy launched in 1967 in France; in United States in 1990, for obsessive-compulsive disorder) |
| desipramine |
Pertofrane (Geigy marketed in 1963 in United Kingdom, in 1964 in United States) |
| dothiepin (dosulepin) |
Prothioden (Knoll launched in 1969 in United Kingdom) |
| doxepin |
Sinequan (Pfizer introduced in United States in 1969; uses: anxiolytic, antidepressant |
| imipramine |
Tofranil (Geigy marketed in 1957 in Switzerland and in 1959 in United States) |
| nortriptyline |
Aventyl (Merck developed; Lilly introduced in 1963 in United Kingdom, 1965 in United States) |
| protriptyline |
Concordin (Merck marketed in 1966 in United Kingdom; also brought out as Vivactil in 1967 in United States) |
| tianeptine |
Stablon (synthesized in 1970; Servier marketed in 1983 in France) |