Archives for Disorders
Acute Agitation and Aggression in Psychiatric Illnesses. Part 5. Treatment
Posted By Kelly On Monday, November 9th 2009 under: Disorders Tags: Medications, Mental health, Psychiatric Illnesses, Treatment
Treatment Goals The first goal is to ensure safety of the patient and those around him. Secondly, symptoms need to be reduced to such a degree that safety is no longer a problem and further medical and psychiatric assessments can be completed in order to identify potential causes. Subsequent interventions aim to prevent further aggression and to regain the patient's capacity for cooperation with treatment as ... Read More
Acute Agitation and Aggression in Psychiatric Illnesses. Part 4
Posted By Kelly On Monday, November 9th 2009 under: Disorders Tags: Mental health, Psychiatric Illnesses
Patient Evaluation
Once the safety of the patient and those around him is assured, a thorough evaluation is needed to identify contributing factors and to prevent further episodes. Medical, psychiatric and medication histories are core to an effective evaluation. Physicians, nurses, and pharmacists should participate using their particular expertise. Contributing factors may become clear after reviewing the patient's psychiatric history, especially if noncompliance, substance abuse, or psychosocial stressors coexist. A mental ... Read More
Acute Agitation and Aggression in Psychiatric Illnesses. Part 3
Posted By Kelly On Monday, November 9th 2009 under: Disorders Tags: Mental health, Psychiatric Illnesses
Causes
There are two ways to describe the causes of agitation and aggression: by the underlying disease state (see Table 1), or the exact pathophysiology that causes the aggression. The DSM-IV-TR has several diagnostic categories describing the relationship between a medical condition or substance and the specific psychiatric symptoms or syndrome they cause. Examples of medical conditions that more commonly cause aggression and agitation symptoms include central nervous system disorders such ... Read More
Acute Agitation and Aggression in Psychiatric Illnesses. Part 2
Posted By Kelly On Monday, November 9th 2009 under: Disorders Tags: Mental health, Psychiatric Illnesses
CASE STUDY 1
KN is a 65-year-old woman admitted to a nursing home after her family can no longer care for her. She has Alzheimer's dementia and has become more difficult to manage over the past six months. She no longer takes care of her own grooming and hygiene and is pacing and trying door handles, attempting to get outside and go home. Today she started yelling at another patient and ... Read More
Acute Agitation and Aggression in Psychiatric Illnesses. Part 1
Posted By Kelly On Monday, November 9th 2009 under: Disorders Tags: Delirium, Mental health, Psychiatric Illnesses
Agitation and aggression are common symptoms in inpatient psychiatric settings, geriatric medicine and emergency room care. For example, some 10% of patients admitted to psychiatric services with chronic psychiatric disorders exhibited violence toward others prior to admission. About half of patients with Alzheimer's disease have agitation or violent behavior and 24% have verbal outbursts. Between 10% and 30% of patients hospitalized on inpatient medical units commonly develop agitation as a ... Read More
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Part 8
Posted By Kelly On Monday, November 9th 2009 under: Disorders Tags: Medications, Pharmacology, PMS, Women
THE PHARMACIST'S ROLE IN PMDD
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a fairly recent discovery in women's health; yet, it currently costs the nation millions of dollars a year in direct and indirect costs.Most costs associated with PMDD patients are related to days missed from work or reduced work performance due to symptoms. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms result in a huge economic and health burden for our nation. To reduce the incidence ... Read More
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Part 7. Treatment
Posted By Kelly On Monday, November 9th 2009 under: Disorders Tags: Medications, Pharmacology, PMS, Women
As the pathophysiology of PMS and PMDD suggests, symptoms are associated with the elevation and decline of sex hormones during ovulation. As symptoms are not found before menarche or after menopause, studies have focused on ovulation suppression to relieve these symptoms. If ovulation were suppressed, the rise and fall of these hormones would then be inhibited, resulting in a reduction or complete cessation of symptoms. Medical oophorectomy is the term ... Read More
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Part 6. Treatment
Posted By Kelly On Monday, November 9th 2009 under: Disorders Tags: Medications, Pharmacology, PMS, Women
Pharmacological Therapy for Emotional and Psychological Symptoms
Often, nonpharmacological interventions are insufficient for adequate menstrual relief for patients suffering from premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Dietary modifications that may then be recommended include daily calcium, magnesium, and L-tryptophan supplementation. These modifications have been clinically studied in premenstrual syndrome patients and are therefore assumed to be beneficial to the PMDD patient. Recommendations supported by controlled studies include 1,200 mg of calcium carbonate per ... Read More
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Part 5. Treatment
Posted By Kelly On Monday, November 9th 2009 under: Disorders Tags: Medications, PMS, Treatment, Women
Once a patient meets the DSM-IV criteria and is diagnosed with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, therapy should be initiated. Consistent with many disorders and disease states, nonpharmacological therapy should be attempted initially. Nonpharmacological Therapy Nonpharmacological therapy consists of dietary modifications, moderate regular exercise, stress management, and supportive therapy. Dietary modifications include reduction in daily salt, caffeine, and alcohol intake. Although these modifications are not confirmed ... Read More
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Part 4
Posted By Kelly On Monday, November 9th 2009 under: Disorders Tags: Disorder, PMS, Women
CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS
An estimated 3% to 8% of women of reproductive age suffer from premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Health care providers have made many attempts to define PMDD and its characteristics to help distinguish it from the common and simple symptoms of PMS.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) defines PMDD as a "depressive disorder not otherwise specified," emphasizing its emotional and cognitive-behavioral symptoms. To be ... Read More
Hello, everybody, who is interested to be healthy. My name is Kelly. I learnt about depression by my own experience. Now I am ok. Here I want to share my thoughts and ideas how to treat depression symptoms.